STEAM:你好,火星一代 1.2

你好，火星一代-1.2

Hello, Mars Generation-1.2

迎接大年夜家脱离我们火星一代得教室，我们今日将讲述人类太空史上划时代得里程碑-阿波罗登月设计得具体细节。我们也将在史实中熟悉到关于火星试探得关键设计点，是以必定要当真学习。

Welcome to our Mars generation. We e will start to talk about a milestone in Space Science-Apollo program. From the details of Apollo program, we will learn key points to prepare our own plan of Mars habitat.

阿波罗设计

Apollo Program

阿波罗(1963-1972年)是美国历史上第三次载人航天设计，以希腊太阳神为名。后来凭据肯尼迪总统得要求改成登月设计。阿波罗设计把人类送往月球并安全返回地球，并且在月球上展开一系列研究。而在阿波罗设计展开得9年中，阅历了一系列得挑战与难题。

Apollo（1963-1972）, America’s third manned space program, was named after the Greek god of the Sun. It later followed President Kennedy’s goal of Moon landing mission. The program objectives were to land Americans on the Moon and return safely to Earth, to carry out a program of intensive scientific exploration of the Moon. Apollo program experienced a series of challenges in 9 years.

阿波罗设计得初期阶段

The first stage of Apollo Program

1967年原本是首架载人遨游飞翔器得阿波罗1号因为点火失落足损失落了3名宇航员。是以阿波罗2-6号于1967-1968年间都是无人测试。阿波罗7号是阿波罗一号后初次搭乘3名宇航员绕地运行得遨游飞翔器，绕地遨游飞翔总共10天20小时9分钟。阿波罗8号任务是人类初次完成得绕月任务，而这张有名得地球照片就是人类第一次从月球看到地球记忆，阿波罗8号持续了6天3小时42秒。

Apollo 1 (1967) was supposed to be the first manned mission of Apollo program. It caused the loss of 3 astronauts due to fire failure. Apollo 2-6 were unmanned mission to test equipment from 1967-1968. Apollo 7 was the first manned Earth-orbital command Service Module(CSM) after Apollo 1, and it lasted 10d20h9min. Apollo 8 was the first crew to orbit the Moon, and it lasted 6d3h42s.

阿波罗9号初次实现了携带登月舱环地球运行(实现了人员在不同舱内得转换）。阿波罗9号1969年3月发射并且持续了10天1小时54秒。阿波罗10号于1969年5月发射，为阿波罗11号初次人类登月得彩排。主控舱和登月舱得名字是有名着名动画人物史努比和它得朋侪查理，它们共在太空待了8天3分23秒。

Apollo 9 was the first flight test of CSM with Lunar Module (LM) (with Crew Transfer). It launched in March 1969, and lasted 10d1h54s. Apollo 10 was “Dress rehearsal” for first moon landing during Apollo 11. It launched in May 1969. The CSM of Apollo 10 was Charlie Brown and LM was Snoopy. It lasted 8d3min23s.

人类历史得里程碑 Milestone of Human history

阿波罗11号

Apollo 11

阿波罗11号于1969.7.16由土星5号火箭发射升空。主控舱为哥伦比亚号，登月舱为小鹰号。而阿波罗11号任务总时长8天3小时18分钟35秒。

Apollo 11 was Launch by Saturn 5 on July 16,1969. CSM was Columbia and LM was Eagle. The total duration was 8days,3 h 18 min 35 sec.

Crew(阿波罗11号得团队成员): Neil Armstrong(1st man on the moon第一位登上月球得人类), Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin(2nd man on the moon第二位登月月球得人类，历史上阿姆斯特朗在月球得照片是他拍得), Michael Collins(Pilot， driving CSM while waiting for his partners landing on the moon 主控舱驾驶员，在他两位同伴登月时负责驾驶主控舱期待他们返回)

Left: Armstrong, Middle: Collins Right: Aldrin

左：阿姆斯特朗中：遨游飞翔驾驶员Collins 右：Aldrin

First footprint on the Moon

人类在月球留下得第一步

阿波罗11号得返回舱颠末大年夜气层时磨擦生热，外面全是灼烧得遗迹，并且掀开两个落落伞和漂移构造让他们成功着陆于宁靖洋上。

The nosecone of Apollo 11 burned outside when it experienced friction with atmosphere on the process of coming back. It opened two parachutes and floating parts successfully and landed safely on the Pacific Ocean.

阿波罗12-17号得月球试探之旅

More Moon explorations in Apollo 12-17

阿波罗12,14,15,16,17号均完成了他们得登月旅途。阿波罗13号虽然没有实现登月，然则在史上被称为最成功得失落败，在前往月球得3/4处，主控舱发作了巨大年夜得爆炸，随即把氧气几乎都毁了。在缺氧和失落压得紧急关头，三名宇航员紧急躲到登月舱里，并入手下手了他们长达四天多得困难得返回之旅。在阅历了近乎零度得低温，只能吃冰凉得食物，喝冷得水得困难情形下，三名宇航员成功返回地球，成为航天史上得事业。

Apollo12, 14-17 all finished their Lunar landing. Apollo 13 was called Successful failure. Reacting quickly to the loss of power and oxygen after a giant explosion, the three astronauts moved into LM and were housed there for about 4 days on their return trip to Earth. After suffered with freezing temperature, cold food and water, the Apollo 13 crew returned home safely.

阿波罗14号实现了第一次在月球上打高尔夫。阿波罗15号是第一次使用了月球车。阿波罗16号是第一次登月舱着陆月球高地。1972年阿波罗17号成为今朝史上最后一次人类登月，也实现了月球上第一次正式得地质考察。

Apollo 14 played golf on the moon. Apollo 15 was the first use of Lunar Roving Vehicle Apollo 16 was the first land to lunar highlands. And Apollo 17 was the final lunar landing, and Schmitt was first geologist on the Moon (1972).

阿波罗登月设计在9年时候内完成了所有既定任务，并总耗资250亿美元。真理家们拍摄月球图片，收集数据和样品，这些研究都让真理家们揭开了月球得神秘。

The Apollo program accomplished all of its objectives at a total cost of $25 billion. Scientists were provided with a variety of images, data, and lunar samples to unlock the mysteries of the moon.

火星一代得任务

Task of Mars Generation

那末我们火星一代仍是有许多大年夜得任务期待我们，具体如下：

1. 第一次载人遨游飞翔器能把人类送达火星

2. 设立建立第一小我类栖息地

3. 在火星上展开更多得火星试探

Tasks for Mars generation will be

1. First manned trip to the Mars

2. First Mars Habitat for Human beings

3. More explorations of Mars

那末让我们不才一次课中详谈火星上得具体细节吧。

Then let’s wait for more details about Mars in the next lesson.