E-STEAM 工作坊 |
如何共建校园雨水花园
E-STEAM Workshop| How to build a school rain garden
2019年11月30日，由深圳曼彻斯通城堡学校及该校的生态学生会（Eco-Council）主办，7所国际学校与社会组织参与的生态论坛（Eco-Conference）在深圳曼彻斯通城堡学校顺利举行。全球领先的国际自然庇护组织大自然庇护协会（TNC）作为特邀嘉宾出席了本次论坛，并举办了“雨水花园”工作坊。
On November 30, 2019, Merchiston International School (MIS) and its student-led Eco-Council successfully held the school’s first Eco-Conference, with participants coming from 7 international schools and various organizations. The Nature Conservancy (TNC), a leading international environmental conservation organization, was invited to attend the conference and held a workshop on building and designing a rain garden.Let’s take a look at what we've all learned!
Sponge City：
Creating Sustainable Urban Spaces in Shenzhen
首先，在简要地介绍了TNC的发展历程及该机构的项目后，就目前深圳城市发展中所面临的关于水的挑战，引出了基于自然的解决方案“海绵城市”的概念。雨水径流是我们这个时代最大的城市挑战之一。尤其是在深圳，深圳年降水量的85％集中在4月至9月之间。城市被不透水的表面（屋顶，街道和停车场）所覆盖，而这些都不具备吸水的能力。雨水迅速流过这些表面，在城市内造成洪水泛滥，同时沿途收集污染物，最后汇入到我们的水资源中。通过案例分享，TNC的专家向学生和老师们介绍了其目前在深圳开展的各类示范性项目，其中包含腾讯滨海大厦；百仕达小学屋顶；岗厦1980等。
First, we had a brief introduction on The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the organization’s work. Then, based on the current urban flooding challenges facing Shenzhen, we introduced the concept of “sponge city”, a nature-based solution.Stormwater runoff is one of the great urban challenges of our time, especially in Shenzhen, where 85% of annual precipitation are concentrated between April and September. In cities that are covered with impervious surfaces—roofs, streets, and parking lots— all of which does not have the ability to absorb water. Stormwater flows rapidly over these surfaces, causing flooding within the city while picking up pollutants along the way, which then overflows right into our water resources. TNC experts also shared with students and teachers pilot projects implemented in Shenzhen, including Tencent Binhai Mansion, Sinolink Primary School, and Gangxia 1980.Project-Based Learning Workshop: Design and Build a Rain Garden在掌握了深圳海绵城市建设的基础后，我们立刻进入到了认识海绵城市绿色基础设施的环节-- 雨水花园。
After learning the basics about Shenzhen’s sponge city initiative, we jumped right into learning about rain gardens, one type of “sponge city” green infrastructure.
什么是雨水花园？| What is a rain garden?
雨水花园是城市“海绵体”的重要形式之一，是一种通过植物、土壤和微生物蓄滞和净化雨水的绿色基础设施。它可以是自然形成的或人工挖掘的浅凹绿地，用来汇集并蓄滞来自屋顶和地面的雨水。雨水花园能通过植物、微生物、土壤的综合作用滞留、储存和净化雨水，促进雨水渗入，涵养地下水。更贵重的是它也能为昆虫、鸟类等动物提供食物和栖息地，增加城市的生物多样性。
A rain garden is one form of a city’s "sponge" structure. It is an a green infrastructure that can store and purify rainwater through vegetation, soil and microorganisms. It can be a naturally formed or artificially built shallow depression that collects and accumulates rainwater from the roof and the ground. Rain gardens can retain, store and purify rainwater through the combined effects of plants, microorganisms, and soil, promote rainwater infiltration, and conserve groundwater. What is more valuable is that it can also provide habitat for insects, birds and other animals, in turn increasing the city's biodiversity.
通过一个简短视频，大家了解到了什么是雨水花园，雨水花园有什么作用。
Through a short video, everyone was able to learn what a rain garden is and its functions.
在自然环境中，雨水被吸收到土壤，岩石和植物的根部过滤水的地面中。雨水花园旨在通过减缓流速并在雨水到达我们水道之前吸收雨水来模仿此过程。
How does a rain garden help reduce stormwater runoff?
In a natural environment, stormwater gets absorbed into the ground where soil, rocks, and plant roots filter the water. A rain garden is designed to mimic this process by slowing the flow and absorbing stormwater before it hits our waterways.
Next, we looked at the composition and essential elements of rain garden.雨水花园的必要元素 | A rain garden’s essential elements
雨水的流向；土壤；植物的选择等，都是雨水花园的必要元素。
The rain path, type of soil, and selection of plants are all important elements of the rain garden.然后，我们一同了解了建造雨水花园的具体步骤，包含如何选择位置和确定雨林的大小。Then, we went through the steps of building a rain garden, including how to select a location and determining the size of the rain garden.如何建造雨水花园 | How to build a rain garden?
Decide where would be a suitable location for a rain garden?寻找到一块适合建造雨水花园的地方。可以是在篮球场、停车场边上，也可是在建筑边上的绿地。
Select a location to build a rain garden. It can be on a basketball court, near the parking lot, or on a green space on the side of a building .
Where NOT to locate a rain garden
- Within 3 meters of a building foundation.- Near the edge of steep slopes or bluffs- Near an existing or reserve septic drainfield or tank- In low spots that not not drain well- In areas that would require disturbing healthy native soils and vegetation- Near wells…Stay back 30 meters from drinking water wells
Using calculations to determine the size of the rain garden确定该地区的平均降雨量，并测试土壤排水能力。因为你需要规划一个足够大的花园来容纳从屋顶或路面收集到的雨水，并让它渗入土壤。
Determine the average rainfall in the area and test the soil drainage capacity. This is because you need to design a garden large enough to hold the rainwater collected from the roof or pavement and let it be absorbed by the soil.
校园户外探索 | Campus Exploratory Activity
在了解雨水花园的理论基础后，由老师领队，两个小组分别去到两个未来可能的雨水花园地点进行谈论，勘测和设计。After grasping the foundational concepts of rain gardens, two groups were led by teachers to explore 2 future possible rain gardens on campus. After some discussion, they took measurements and drew out a preliminary rain garden design.•请注意可能影响设计的任何地下或上方公用设施位置，下水道，集水盆和其他物理基础设施
Checklist for rain garden site inventory:•Observe the land, define the inflow and overflow of the rain•Measure the location size•Note the locations of important trees and plants •Identify the areas of the site that are sunniest and most shady•Note any underground or above-head utility locations, drains, catch basins, and other physical infrastructure elements that may affect the design. •Draw a basic design of the rain garden, including the rain path小组总结 | Group Sharing Session
在工作坊最后，两个小组分别展示了他们的雨水花园设计图并分享了他们的初步构想。老师和学生们都纷纷表示，此次工作坊给予了他们很多关于构建可持续绿色校园的灵感。To conclude the workshop, the two groups each presented their rain garden design plans and shared their initial ideas. During the sharing session, both students and teachers expressed that the workshop gave them new inspirations to building a sustainable campus.我们希望通过这次雨水花园工作坊，学生与老师们在获得一些实践经验的同时，未来，可以将更多的海绵城市设施带到他们的校园生活中。Through this rain garden workshop, we also hope that students and teachers were able to learn from this experience and apply what they have learned by bringing more sponge city infrastructure like this into their school campuses in the future.
教学启示 | Pedagogy Insights
这是一次成功的基于“实地”的环境教育活动 （Place-based Education）。相对于传统的讲座形式，本次通过大家参与、共同实践的校园探索活动，一方面让学生和老师们了解了雨水花园的概念，另一方面也让他们感受到做为一名学生和学校环境之间的连接。环境教育不全是纸上谈兵，而是切实可行的，具有一定实践意义的教育。
This is a successful place-based education activity. Compared with the traditional lecture format, the campus exploration activity not only allows students and teachers to understand the related environmental concepts, but also enables them to feel the connection between themselves and the school environment. Environmental education is no longer just empty phrases on paper, but is a feasible and practical form of education.
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